长江禁渔5年后，30万渔民都去哪了？12岁孤儿打鱼40年，如今生活让人意想不到！

长江禁渔5年后，30万渔民都去哪了？12岁孤儿打鱼40年，如今生活让人意想不到！

Have you ever imagined such a scene? One morning you stepped onto the bank of the Fuchun River, watching the fishing boats swaying in the thick fog. When you heard that the government had issued a fishing ban, your family’s fishing skills, which have been passed down for generations , would have nowhere to be used. What would you do? A 65-year-old man became an orphan at the age of 12 and grew up eating wild fruits by the river. His fishing skills of more than 40 years are about to become a swan song. A mysterious ethnic group was not allowed to go ashore for 600 years and was forced to live on boats . Where have their descendants gone now? Fishermen from Fuchun River to the Yangtze River are facing a similar fate. When the fishing ban policy changes their livelihoods , where will they go? This is the story we are going to tell today, about the fishermen who have been passed down for thousands of years but are disappearing on China’s rivers . At six in the morning, the morning fog covered the river. Looking at the surface of Fuchun River, Xu Zengfu and his wife set up a small boat and left the dock lightly . This pair of weathered hands has been holding the oars and accompanying the river water day after day for more than 40 years without interruption . As the last fisherman in Dongziguan Village, Xu Zengfu’s figure has long been integrated into this water area and has become a unique landscape on the Fuchun River . At the age of 12, an accident made Xu Zengfu an orphan. Without the protection of his relatives, he could only survive alone in the mountains and fields by the Fuchun River. He relied on wild fruits and vegetables in the mountains to fill his hunger and river water to quench his thirst. At night, he stayed in the straw sheds of the villagers. The instinct of survival made the young Xu Zengfu quickly learn to find food in this river. At first, he only groped in the shallow water and picked up some small fish and shrimps . As time went by, he learned to swim, mastered the skills of casting nets , and gradually became a real fisherman. The Fuchun River, a river that has been flowing for thousands of years, became his support and his home . After getting married, Xu Zengfu continued to rely on fishing to support his family. The boat was not only his means of making a living, but also the pillar of raising his two sons. He worked from sunrise to sunset, rain or shine , and supported the entire family with his own labor. Life on the river was full of dangers and challenges. Xu Zengfu had experienced a thrilling typhoon. One day, the wind had just pulled in half of the nets, and the wind came , even stronger than the typhoon . We started the machine and immediately ran to the shore. After running up, we saw the waves and the water behind them were splashing, and we were so scared . Hehehe, even in the face of such danger, Xu Zengfu still sticks to this river and has never wavered. Nowadays , the fishermen in Dongziguan no longer do such hard work. Only Xu Zengfu still stays on this small boat every day, accompanied by the gentle river breeze, waiting for the fish to enter the net. These wild fish caught in the Fuchun River are so tender after being steamed that even chopsticks can’t pick them up. On a good harvest day , Xu Zengfu can catch nearly 30 kilograms of fish and sell them at a good price. For him, these are the capital for the future. Years of fishing career have allowed Xu Zengfu to develop a good physique. Even though he is over 60 years old, he can still easily pull up the ground trap that stretches for more than a thousand meters at the bottom of the river. Part of the daily harvest will be left for his family to eat, and the rest The fisheries in the Fuchun River are sold at the market. The income is not high, but it is enough to make a living. However, with the changing times, the fishing industry in Fuchun River has gradually declined. In history, the Fuchun River and a wharf once made Dongziguan prosperous, but with the decline of water transportation , the village gradually fell into depression. Young people went out to make a living one after another. The once prosperous Dongziguan Village gradually declined and almost became an empty shell . In 2013, Dongziguan became a pilot village for the new Hangzhou-style residential buildings. One year later, 46 new residential buildings rose from the ground beside the Fuchun River, giving them a new lease of life. Xu Zengfu would pass by the old house every day and walk to the vicinity of the new house to observe and silently note the details of the decoration. He was happy about the changes in the village, but also felt a little sad about the disappearance of the traditional way of life. In order to pass on the tradition Xu Zengfu passed on his lifelong learning to his son Xu Shenglei. Xu Shenglei followed his father on the boat to learn every step of fishing since he was a child. However, due to the government’s control over the issuance of fishing licenses to protect the aquatic ecological environment, Xu Shenglei’s repeated applications were not approved, which made this skill that has been passed down for decades face a break. A few years ago, Xu Zengfu reached the age of retirement. On the day he handed over his fishing boat, he stood by the river for a long time, gazing at the waves of Fuchun River and whispered, “Such a big river, a fishing boat is always indispensable.” This simple sentence expressed his deep feelings for the river that nurtured him all his life. Today, Dongziguan has become a model of future villages in Zhejiang Province, with architectural design as the core of cultural and traditional Chinese medicine. The four characteristic brands of Kangyang River fresh food are well-known in the world . Xu Zengfu lives in a newly built residential building and leads a stable life in his later years. Although he no longer fishes , he still often walks to the riverside to watch the flowing water of Fuchun River and recalls the years accompanied by the river. The river still flows, but the fishing songs have faded away . In addition to the story of Xu Zengfu, there is a more mysterious group on the Fuchun River: the fishermen of the Nine Surnames. For more than 600 years, these people have been drifting in the waters of Fuchun River, Xin’an River, Lan River and other waters for generations , living on boats all their lives and not being able to set foot on land. Their boats are their homes. All this can be said from a dynasty change in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty . There are two widely circulated theories about the origin of the fishermen of the Nine Surnames . One is that they are from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. Descendants of Chen Youliang’s subordinates in the early period . In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang defeated Chen Youliang in the Battle of Poyang Lake . After the war, he exiled nine surnames of Chen Youliang’s subordinates , Chen, Qian, Sun, Xu He, Ye, Lin, Li, and Yuan , to the Fuchun River area as “untouchables”. They were forced to live on the river forever and were not allowed to settle on the shore. Another theory is that the fishermen of the nine surnames are descendants of officials and nobles of the Southern Song Dynasty who fled to the river when the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In 1276, Yuan soldiers broke through the Southern Song Dynasty capital Lin’an (now Hangzhou). A large number of Southern Song nobles fled to the river to avoid pursuit and hid their names. From then on, they made boats their homes and made a living on the water for generations. No matter which theory is true, the fate of the fishermen of the nine surnames is closely linked to this river . As “untouchables” at the bottom of society, The nine surname fishermen have been severely restricted for generations. They are not allowed to live on land, intermarry with people on land , study or take exams , and are not even allowed to wear shoes or long gowns when they go ashore. For six hundred years, they can only drift on the river and rely on a small boat to make a living and family life. Barefoot fishermen from the nine surnames can often be seen in the Meicheng market where the three rivers meet. They only go ashore to trade fish for daily necessities and leave in a hurry after the transaction. To the residents on the shore, these people on the boats are like creatures from another world, with an insurmountable gap between them and them. However, the cruel living environment did not destroy the survival will of the nine surname fishermen. On the contrary , they created a unique lifestyle and cultural traditions on the boats. Weddings, funerals, births , old age, illness and death , all major events in life are recorded on the boats. The wedding of the Jiuxing fishermen is very special when it is completed on the boat. The bride does not ride in a sedan chair but in a large wooden basin carried by several people from her parents’ boat to her husband’s boat. This unique “basin sedan chair” is due to the government’s ban that does not allow them to use the same sedan chair as people on the shore, so they have to use footbaths instead. Despite this, relatives and friends will still sincerely bless the couple at the wedding. A gold plus a thousand gold is two catties, a family of ten thousand catties is three catties, and three sons are reunited. The Jiuxing fishermen also have a unique food culture. They use straw ash to make “ash soup dumplings”, which is a local specialty. The straw is burned into ash and then soaked in water to make ash soup. The glutinous rice is soaked in the ash soup and finally wrapped into dumplings and cooked. This kind of dumplings is not only soft and sticky and refreshing, but also has the effect of soothing The effect of greasy fish helps digestion and it is not easy to spoil even if it is left for a long time. The fishermen of the Jiu clan are even more proficient in fishing techniques. It has been passed down from generation to generation. They can accurately judge the location and behavior of fish schools according to the rise and fall of the river water and seasonal changes. They use a variety of fishing methods, including bamboo poles, cormorant fishing, large net fishing, etc. In particular, cormorant fishing requires close cooperation with well-trained cormorants. Fishermen will sing special “cormorant tunes” to command these water birds to catch fish in the water. If big fish don’t come, small fish will come. If small fish don’t come, loaches and eels will come. Fishermen sing ancient fishing songs while casting nets . These ballads not only bring a sense of rhythm to the work , but also are their way of passing on experience and culture. In the fishing village of Sandu, there are still people who can sing them. Every note of these traditional fishing songs carries the deep affection between fishermen and water. It was not until the fifth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (that is, 1867) that the fishermen of the Nine Surnames were granted the status of “changing from lowly to good”, ending nearly 500 years of social discrimination. However, despite obtaining legal status, many fishermen of the Nine Surnames still chose to stay on the water. One reason was that hundreds of years of habits were difficult to change. The other was that they had no land and shelter after landing, and they had no means of livelihood. It was not until the founding of New China that the government really took measures to help the fishermen of the Nine Surnames to settle on land. Around 1969, the fishermen of the Nine Surnames bid farewell to their wandering life on the water and moved into the new fishermen’s village built by the government. In Sanjiangkou Village, Sandu Town, Jiande City, there are now a large number of descendants of the fishermen of the Nine Surnames. This place , known as the “First Village of Nine Surname Fishermen”, retains a large number of relics and customs related to fisherman culture. Every year on the third day of the third lunar month, villagers gather in the ancestral temple to hold ancestral worship ceremonies. Clan members far away will rush back to participate in this tradition, which has continued for hundreds of years and is an important way for the Nine Surname Fishermen to pass on their culture. Today, the unique culture of the Nine Surname Fishermen has become an important local tourist resource. In Jiande and Tonglu, tourists can watch the Nine Surname Fishermen’s water wedding performances , taste traditional gray soup dumplings, and even experience the fun of cormorant fishing. The “Shrimp Lantern Dance” in Sandu Fishing Village has been listed in the Intangible Cultural Heritage List . It is a traditional performing art for fishermen to celebrate their new life on land. Although young people now have Although the fishermen of the Nine Surnames rarely engage in fishing activities , the blood and culture of the Nine Surnames fishermen are still passed on. The descendants of fishermen are often the ones who cook in the local fishing houses. They use their ancestral cooking skills to present the delicious river fish of Fuchun River to tourists from all over the world . Those families who once could only drift on the river have now integrated into the torrent of modern society , but their unique historical and cultural memories will never disappear. Qian Tiansheng is one of the oldest fishermen in Sanjiangkou Village. His family has been fishing for three generations, with a history of about 100 years. Every year on the Mid-Autumn Festival, local fishermen will hold a dinner with nine surnames and nine dishes. Each surname will prepare a specialty dish to celebrate together. This custom originated from the celebration activities of the fishermen of the Nine Surnames after the ban on landing was lifted. Now it has become a unique local activity. The cultural tradition of the Nine Surnames Fishermen, from being forced to wander on the water as untouchables to being a symbol of cultural heritage today, has left a mark on the development of Chinese society. In recent years, the ten-year fishing ban policy implemented in the Yangtze River Basin has been like a heavy blow to the fishermen who have made a living from fishing for generations, and has once again thrown them into a cold winter of survival. Today, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced the implementation plan for the fishing ban and compensation system in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin. The plan points out that by the end of 2019, the fishermen in the Yangtze River Aquatic Biological Conservation Area will be retired , and a comprehensive fishing ban will be implemented first. In the future, productive fishing will be completely prohibited in aquatic biological conservation areas, and a 10-year fishing ban will be implemented by the end of 2020. This ban concerns the lives of 110,000 fishing boats and nearly 300,000 fishermen. The transport affected ten provinces along the Yangtze River, and the scale was unprecedented. On the bank of the Yangtze River in Nantuo Town, Fuling District, Chongqing , there is a group of fishermen who have lived on boats for generations . Each wooden boat is a family, and each family collects the nets and dries them. There is only sky, no ground , only boats, and no houses. This is a true portrayal of their lives. Among them, Kuang Yaomei (formerly known as Kuang Guohua) is an authentic old fisherman. The days of living by the water have continued for more than 40 years. Kuang Yaomei has lived on a wooden boat since she was a child. The fishing boats at that time were much smaller than they are now. The hardship of life on the boat is unimaginable. Drinking water must be drawn from the river with a bucket and boiled for drinking. For fishermen, the Yangtze River is like the land of farmers. It is the basis of their survival. Fishing must be happy. It is done by two people. It is not like going out to work. It must be inconvenient for one to be in the house and the other to be outside. This is how Kuang Yaomei expresses her true feelings about fishing life. However, at the end of 2019 , the fishermen in Fuling section welcomed their last fishing trip. Local news reports said that this was the last day for the fishermen to fish. From then on, they would never go into the Yangtze River to fish again. Regardless of the yield or the price, this was their last catch. Facing the upcoming fishing ban, Kuang Yaomei and her family were filled with anxiety and confusion. Although the fishing ban compensation policy provides certain economic compensation , for these people who have been with the river all their lives , the compensation is far from enough to make up for the loss of their fishing livelihoods. On November 18, 2019 , according to the requirements, the fishermen carried out Dismantling The dismantled motor boats are sold as scrap metal, and the residual value belongs to the fishermen. More than 3,000 fishermen who worked hard in the Yangtze River bid farewell to the Yangtze River with their own feelings and started a new life . How did the fishermen who came ashore live in Chongqing in the early days of the fishing ban ? Ma Biao and Li Liang, who did not receive the subsidy for coming ashore, could only make a living by doing some scattered jobs. On a cold winter morning, before the sun broke through the morning mist, Ma Biao went out with a bamboo basket on his back and made an appointment with Li Liang to go to the mountains in his hometown to dig golden marbles. This is a kind of tree root used for bonsai . If you are lucky and careful enough at the end of the day , you can dig out beautiful roots without broken skin. You can earn hundreds of yuan by selling them to bonsai bosses. If the skin of the tree roots is broken, it will be difficult to sell. After landing at the Dongting Lake in Yueyang, Hunan, Zhang Xianglong also relied on manual labor to support his family. The children were still young, and he and his wife were reluctant to leave the Lujiao Wharf by the Dongting Lake , so they found a job in Yueyang County. Through the introduction of a classmate, he found a job with a monthly salary of 3,000 yuan and only two days of vacation each month. In order to save time and facilitate picking up and dropping off the children, Zhang Xianglong took a driver’s license in the past year and spent 13,000 yuan to buy a second-hand car that someone else had driven for 8 years. For him, who used to steer a fishing boat, driving a motor vehicle on land has become a big challenge . He admitted that this year made his living standard regress by 3 years and he was not used to everything. He had been in Pingtong Village on the shore of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi . Yu Rongshui, the youngest fisherman in the village, faced a similar dilemma. During the past year, he learned to drive a bulldozer, repair cement roads, lay grass and plant trees . Sometimes he worked for several months in a row , and sometimes he stayed at home idle . At the end of the year, his income was only half of last year’s fishing income. This feeling of suddenly leaving the familiar environment made him deeply nostalgic. Liu Kai, a retired fisherman in Dangtu County, Anhui Province , made a different choice. He led 40 companions to set up a fishing protection team and applied his many years of fishing experience to fish protection. The local agricultural department and civil affairs bureau approved this initiative. Many retired fishermen who switched to other industries were willing to join this team. As Liu Kai said, they have lived on the water since childhood and have a special relationship with fish. The fishing protection team is in Taibai Town, Huyang Town, Dangtu County. Patrol work was carried out at four points in Jiangxinzhou and Gushu Town, with two routes: on water and on shore. These patrol members used their years of fishing experience in fish protection work. They knew where there were more anglers, more fish, and where poaching was more likely to occur. Fish protection work was not easy, especially night patrols. Facing the resistance of poachers and the challenges of the natural environment, Liu Surong said that patrolling during the day was fine, but when patrolling in the reeds at night, they had to beware of not only poachers but also poisonous snakes and other dangers. Facing illegal anglers , the fish protection team members could only notify the fishery department and the police for punishment because they had no power to punish. The income from this job was not high, only more than 2,000 yuan a month , but they saw the benefits their work brought. The ecology of the Yangtze River is gradually recovering. It has been nearly four and a half years since the fishing ban was implemented. The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin has changed significantly. Liu Kai noticed that there are more and more finless porpoises. He believes that one day the stone fish will return. He remembers that he caught more than a dozen stone fish in the early 1980s. In the 1990s, they became scarce and finally disappeared completely in 1998. Now, through the continuous protection of the Yangtze River, the number of fish in the river has increased significantly and the ecological environment has continued to improve. As of July 2023, more than 700 auxiliary patrol teams have been established in the entire Yangtze River Basin, and the number of auxiliary patrol officers has reached more than 25,000. They have become an important auxiliary force in fishery work. Now it is 2025 and the fishing ban policy has been implemented. Halfway through the process, we have seen that the life trajectories of fishermen have undergone profound changes. The early difficulties of transformation have basically passed. Most fishermen have adapted to life on land and found stable jobs . According to the latest survey data, more than 90% of retired fishermen have achieved stable employment, of which about 20% are engaged in aquaculture-related industries, 15% have joined the fishery protection team or ecological protection work , and a considerable number of people have entered the service industry and manufacturing industry. So where do the fish on our tables come from after the fishing ban? The answer is aquaculture. In fact, China’s aquatic product supply has long ceased to rely on wild fishing. According to data from 2023, China’s total aquaculture output has exceeded 70 million tons, accounting for 20% of the total aquatic product output. The catch in the Yangtze River mainstream before the fishing ban only accounted for 0.15% of the total national aquatic product output, so the impact on consumers is minimal. In addition to domestic aquaculture, imported aquatic products are also an important source of fish supply in China. China’s aquatic products are mainly imported from Russia, Ecuador and other countries. The import volume in 2023 reached 5.026 million tons , mainly deep-sea fish and high-quality shrimp, meeting consumers’ demand for diversified aquatic products. Looking to the future , China’s aquaculture industry is transforming towards green and intelligent low-carbon circular aquaculture mode. The promotion of factory aquaculture technology and Internet of Things monitoring system has continuously improved aquaculture efficiency while reducing the impact on the environment. In 2023, China’s factory aquaculture output will reach 403,000 tons, an increase of 113% over 2017, reflecting the technological progress of the aquaculture industry. These developments will provide solid support for protecting the “freedom to eat fish” of the people. At the same time, the Yangtze River ecosystem has shown amazing signs of recovery a few years after the implementation of the fishing ban policy . According to reports, the spectacular scene of fish groups jumping out of the water can be seen in the Zhenjiang section of the Yangtze River. Schools of large fish have appeared at the gates of the Anhui section. Even large schools of crucian carp have appeared in the Three Gorges Dam area. What is more exciting is that the number of finless porpoises, known as the “giant panda in the water”, has also increased significantly. These gratifying changes have raised a question. Since fish are already showing an overabundance trend, why should the fishing ban continue? In fact, the decision to ban fishing for ten years has been scientifically proven. First of all , although the number of some fish has increased , the recovery of the Yangtze River ecosystem is a long process . The number of some fish with strong reproductive capacity has indeed increased sharply , but the recovery of rare and endangered species will take time. The Yangtze River sturgeon has been declared The 10-year fishing ban allows these fish to have two to three generations of rest and recuperation time, forming a virtuous cycle of populations. Furthermore , the fishing ban is not only to protect fish resources, but also to restore the overall ecosystem of the Yangtze River. As China’s most important water system, the ecological health of the Yangtze River is related to the well-being of hundreds of millions of people in the basin. The “ecological fishing pilot” carried out in the Five Lakes area of ​​Hubei due to the excessive growth of fish is a scientific regulatory measure under the general framework of the fishing ban. These fishing have strict standards to ensure that they do not affect the reproduction of the population, and the enforcement of the fishing ban is also becoming increasingly strict. In February 2021, two villagers in Dankou Town, Hubei Province, were taken to bail pending trial in accordance with the law for killing 6 small fish with firecrackers in the river. This case of strict law enforcement shows that protecting the ecology of the Yangtze River has become a social consensus. As five years have passed since the implementation of the fishing ban, experts We have begun to discuss the future management model of the Yangtze River fishery. It is expected that after the fishing ban period ends, the free fishing status will not be restored. Instead, a stricter quota system and sustainable fishing norms will be established to ensure the sustainable and healthy development of the Yangtze River ecosystem. Facing the challenges brought by the fishing ban, today’s fishermen may be able to get some inspiration from the history of the nine surnames of fishermen in Fuchun River. After 600 years of vicissitudes, the nine surnames of fishermen were able to integrate into modern society. Today’s fishermen can also find their place in the change. The river still flows. Although the fishing songs are gone , the wisdom and tenacity of the fishermen will continue to be passed on in the long river of time. The story of the Yangtze River and fishermen is not only a history of change , but also an attempt to rebalance the relationship between nature and humans, and it is also a microcosm of China’s ecological civilization construction. From Xu Zengfu’s personal struggle to the collective fate of the nine surnames of fishermen and then to the protection measures in the Yangtze River Basin, we have witnessed the multiple changes in China’s fishery culture . Behind these stories is the continuous adjustment of the relationship between man and nature, the balance between tradition and reality. The continuous collision of generations. Xu Zengfu’s fishing boats no longer appear on the Fuchun River. New residential buildings in Dongziguan Village rise on the river bank. The descendants of the nine surnames of fishermen in Sanjiangkou turn from water to land. Traditional fishing songs are integrated into tourism performances. 300,000 fishermen in the Yangtze River Basin put down their fishing nets and redefine their identity and value. These changes tell a common theme. As the times move forward, adaptation is the way to survive. From Fuchun River to the Yangtze River, the fate of these water people touches people’s hearts. They use their wisdom and tenacity to compose a magnificent poem of the coexistence of the Chinese nation and water. Whether it is the nine surnames of fishermen who were forced to drift for 600 years or the Yangtze River fishermen who voluntarily retired from fishing and switched to other industries, they have demonstrated extraordinary adaptability in the face of changes in the times. If you have the opportunity, would you like to experience the traditional fishing life on the Fuchun River? Please share your views on fishermen’s culture or the water stories you know in the comment area. This video ends here . Thank you for watching. It is not easy to make long videos. If you like such content, please don’t forget to like, subscribe and forward it. See you next time

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