【歴史じっくり紀行】OSHIRO vol.87 二条城 京都市中京区にある豊臣秀頼と徳川家康の会見が行われたお城を訪れた【ゆっくり解説】【お城巡り】【日本観光】
hello everyone. Welcome to OSHIRO. Today I went on a castle tour again. The castle we will visit today is Nijo Castle in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. Right away, here’s the problem. Nijo Castle once had a castle tower. It was relocated from a certain castle, but which of the following is that castle? 1, Osaka Castle 2, Azuchi Castle 3, Sawayama Castle 4, Fushimi Castle The correct answer was 4, Fushimi Castle. This castle tower is the second generation castle tower of Nijo Castle. It was relocated from Fushimi Castle in 1624, and was destroyed by lightning in 1750. Currently, only the castle tower remains of Nijo Castle. Now let’s go to the castle. The person who built Nijo Castle was Tokugawa Ieyasu. Nijo Castle was also built by the Ashikaga, Oda, and Toyotomi clans in 1602. Two years after the Battle of Sekigahara, when he was declared shogun, it was built under the name of a Kyoto inn. He ordered the feudal lords of the Western countries to begin construction. At this time, the castle tower appears to have been relocated from Yamatokoriyama Castle. This castle tower was the first castle tower of Nijo Castle. Nijo Castle was built to the southwest of the Kyoto Imperial Palace. When Tokugawa Ieyasu was appointed as the Seii Taishogun at Fushimi Castle in Kyoto, a ceremony to celebrate his proclamation was held at Nijo Castle. A celebratory banquet was held for three days from April 4th, inviting various feudal lords. Ieyasu was appointed Seii Taishogun in 1603, three years after the Battle of Sekigahara. At that time, the Toyotomi clan was still alive and well in Osaka. However, when Ieyasu became victorious in the Battle of Sekigahara, he took advantage of his position as the head of the Five Elders and arbitrarily distributed the Toyotomi family’s Taikozo lands scattered throughout the country. The Toyotomi family was deprived of the territory that they had entrusted to the management of the feudal lords. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Toyotomi’s territory of 2.22 million koku was reduced to 650,000 koku. Tokugawa Ieyasu’s fiefdom of 2,550,000 koku has increased to 4,000,000 koku. Their positions were completely reversed. Against this background, in 1611, Toyotomi Hideyori went to Nijo Castle and met with Ieyasu. The press conference did not take place due to Yodo-dono’s opposition, but it was finally realized thanks to the efforts of feudal lords such as Kato Kiyomasa to persuade Hideyori. Ieyasu urged them to bow as equals, but Hideyori firmly refused. Ieyasu was in a higher position in terms of official rank. It was a press conference that demonstrated to the nation that Tokugawa was superior to Toyotomi. Nijo Castle is the stage for this. Three years have passed since this conference. 1614. Tokugawa Ieyasu, Hidetada and his son marched to Osaka from Nijo Castle. Osaka winter camp. Bring it to peace and fill the moat of Osaka Castle. The story goes that they made peace with the promise to bury only the outer moat, but ended up burying the inner moat in the midst of the chaos. The following year, 1615. As expected, I set out for Osaka from Nijo Castle. Osaka Summer Team. Losing its moat, Osaka Castle fell, and the Toyotomi clan fell. 1624. Nijo Castle expanded its castle area to the west and established a main castle. At this time, the castle tower mentioned in the first quiz in the video, which was relocated from Yamatokoriyama Castle, will be relocated to Yodo Castle. The castle tower of Fushimi Castle in Kyoto was relocated to Nijo Castle. This is the second generation castle tower. Why did this happen? After the Osaka Siege, Nijo Castle continued to be used as the shogun’s lodgings during his visit, and Fushimi Castle continued to be used as a residence. However, the Edo Shogunate enacted the One Country One Castle Law. The rule was that each daimyo could only have one castle per territory. At that time, they had multiple castles within their territory and were prepared for war. The Tokugawa family saw this as a military threat and limited the number of castles to prevent rebellion. It was difficult to maintain both castles due to the principle of the One Country One Castle Law, and in 1619 it was decided that Fushimi Castle would be abolished. The buildings of Fushimi Castle were relocated to various locations around the country, including Fukuyama Castle and Yodo Castle. The castle tower was moved to Nijo Castle. In 1634, the third shogun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, led 300,000 soldiers to Kyoto. Enter Nijo Castle. As the Toyotomi family had their base there, there were many feudal lords who opposed the shogunate in the area near Osaka. There are many Tozama Daimyo in the Western region. There was a check on the feudal lords of the western regions. Furthermore, although the Tokugawa Shogunate had established a system of control over the entire country, it was necessary to mobilize an overwhelming military force of several hundred thousand men in order to clearly demonstrate its control. It seems that he needed to show off his authority as a shogun. After this, no shogun entered Nijo Castle until the 14th shogun, Iemochi Tokugawa. In 1863, Tokugawa Iemochi came to Kyoto for the first time in 230 years. At that time, Japan was exposed to threats from foreign countries such as Russia, England, America, and France. Emperor Komei strongly urged the shogunate to expel Joi. Tokugawa Iemochi goes to Kyoto and enters Nijo Castle to meet Emperor Komei and promise to carry out the expulsion of the Joi . Just a side note. In the end, the shogunate did not carry out the expulsion. In response to this trend in Japan, the Choshu domain and others seriously carried out the expulsion of Joi, and took actions such as shelling foreign ships at Shimonoseki. When the Choshu clan actually carried out the expulsion, the combined fleet of Britain, France, America, and the Netherlands immediately retaliated, and the Shimonoseki War broke out. Choshu will be destroyed. Japan is overwhelmed by the difference in military power with other countries. Iemochi himself was tormented by being caught between the Joi faction and the moderate faction, but ultimately decided to emphasize diplomatic negotiations. The last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate was Tokugawa Yoshinobu. The stage where he returned to power was Nijo Castle. The shogunate is a government that has administrative and military powers vested in it by the emperor. There are no diplomatic rights. At the top is the Seii Taishogun. It was an emergency job. For this reason, the shogunate, which received an order from the Emperor to expel Joi, should have carried out the expulsion, but Iemochi, the 14th shogun, was unable to carry out the expulsion. Also, the general died during the second Choshu conquest. The shogunate army was defeated by the Choshu clan. As the head of the samurai family, he began to reach his limits in uniting the various feudal lords. Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned the government to the Imperial Court and tried to leave the Tokugawa family as one daimyo. Although the Tokugawa family became one of the feudal lords, they still had a territory of 4 million koku left by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It was supposed to hold overwhelming power. On October 12, 1867, Tokugawa Yoshinobu gathered the leaders of the shogunate, including Katamori Matsudaira, the Kyoto Shugo, and Sadataka Matsudaira, the Kyoto Shoshidai, in the Great Hall of the Ninomaru Palace in Nijo Castle. He announced his determination to restore imperial rule. The next day, he consulted with the chiefs of the various feudal domains in Tokyo. Then, on the 14th, he formally requested imperial permission to restore imperial rule. While Tokugawa Yoshinobu was organizing the restoration of imperial rule at Nijo Castle, radical court nobles such as Tomomi Iwakura, who were planning to overthrow the shogunate by force, were also making moves. October 13th. In fact, they had received a secret edict to attack the Shogunate. The Taisei Hokan originated from Ryoma Sakamoto’s eight plans on the ship, which was submitted by Dou Yamauchi, the former lord of the Tosa domain, to Shojiro Goto. Once, Yoshinobu returned the imperial government to the Imperial Court, was reappointed as Daigimi, and thought he would take the position of supervising the various daimyo as a member of the Diet. However, Yoshinobu’s idea did not work. On October 13th, Tomomi Iwakura and others received a secret edict. A month later, the Satsuma and Choshu armies will gather in Kyoto. A Kogosho meeting was held on December 9th, but Yoshinobu was not invited to the meeting. A decision was then made to resign from government office and return the territory. Tokugawa Yoshinobu left Nijo Castle and entered Osaka Castle to see what was going on. Then, on January 3, 1888, the Battle of Toba and Fushimi began. The former Shogunate army became the enemy of the Imperial Court. The Choshu army was equipped with American-made Spencer rifles. The former shogunate army had about 15,000 soldiers, but the Satsuma and Choshu armies had about 4,500 soldiers. Although the former Shogunate army had a large number of people, they were inferior in equipment and had low morale, so they were defeated in various places. Tokugawa Yoshinobu secretly escaped from Osaka and headed to Edo by boat. On February 3rd, the imperial edict to overthrow the Shogunate was issued at the White Shoin Temple in Nijo Castle. The castle was then requisitioned by the imperial court. Thank you for watching until the end. How was your visit to the castle today? Please subscribe to the channel and hit the high rating button. Our next castle tour will be Saiga Saijo Castle in Wakayama Prefecture. Please look forward to it.
🏯 徳川の威光と幕末のドラマが交差する、世界遺産・二条城！
今回訪れたのは、徳川家によって築かれた平城「二条城」。
江戸幕府の始まりと終わり――大政奉還の舞台となった、日本史屈指の歴史的スポットです。
敷地内には、国宝・二の丸御殿や重要文化財の本丸御殿など、貴重な建物が現存。
まさに「歴史がそのまま残っている」圧巻のスポット！
京都の中心にありながら、江戸時代の息吹を感じられる名城をたっぷり歩きました。
👤 こんな方におすすめ！
・幕末の歴史や大政奉還に興味のある方
・徳川将軍家の足跡を巡りたい方
・国宝・重要文化財の建築に触れたい歴史ファン
・京都観光で歴史と文化を一緒に楽しみたい方
📍【所在地】京都府京都市中京区二条通堀川西入二条城町
🚇【交通】地下鉄東西線「二条城前駅」すぐ
🚗【駐車場】あり
🎥 前回のお城巡りはこちら → 【小倉山城／岐阜県美濃市】
📌歴史を歩こう。城跡を旅しよう。
チャンネル登録＆高評価で応援よろしくお願いします！🔔✨
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