探秘越南版“吴哥窟”，世界遗产美山圣地，丛林深处的神秘遗址，占婆王国印度教神庙群！🇻🇳阿树闯越南EP47

探秘越南版“吴哥窟”，世界遗产美山圣地，丛林深处的神秘遗址，占婆王国印度教神庙群！🇻🇳阿树闯越南EP47

Behind me is called the Vietnamese version of Angkor Wat. In fact, its history is longer than that of Angkor Wat in Cambodia. Today’s story starts with a river, the Thu Bon River . It not only made the ancient town of Hoi An introduced in the previous two episodes the most prosperous international commercial port in Southeast Asia in the 17th century, but also gave birth to the most powerful maritime kingdom in Indochina, the Champa Kingdom (2nd to 19th century AD). If we trace back about 40 kilometers from the mouth of the Thu Bon River, we will reach the religious and historical center of the ancient Champa Kingdom , My Son Sanctuary. It is one of the nine world cultural heritage sites in Vietnam. Today, Ashu and everyone will go to My Son Sanctuary, which is named after Cambodia’s Angkor Wat and Indonesia’s Borobudur, to explore the oldest surviving sanctuary in Vietnam. Hindu ruins and Cham architectural complexes recall the secrets of an ancient kingdom dating back to the 2nd century AD, echoing the ancient echoes that fade into the valley. On the boat, we’ll enjoy Vietnamese snacks. My Son Sanctuary is named after My Son Village , approximately 69 kilometers southeast of Da Nang. My Son Sanctuary is located in a two-kilometer-wide valley , surrounded by two mountain ranges. One day, I saw an introduction to a small tour group to My Son Sanctuary at the hotel reception , so I immediately signed up. The price was 600,000 VND (25 USD), which included entrance fees, round-trip transportation , and an English-speaking guide throughout the tour . Yes, before the Nguyen Dynasty’s conquest, this land belonged to the Cham Kingdom, which is why our facial features are slightly different . Thank you. The Cham people control central Vietnam . While they aren’t indigenous to this land , they arrived here before others, originating from Java (an Indonesian island). Have you been to Java? Later, they established the Cham Kingdom here. My Son Sanctuary was the religious center of the Cham Kingdom. We will talk about the rise and fall of the Cham Kingdom in detail later. If I were to briefly introduce the Cham Kingdom, it was the maritime hegemon of ancient Indochina. Because it was adjacent to the Cham port (Hoi An Port), it controlled the central coast of Vietnam for hundreds of years with its fleet . It was called the “Phoenicians of the East”. Because of its extremely developed navigation and shipbuilding and overseas trade, it once firmly controlled the transshipment port of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. It was once a must-pass place for Chinese, Vietnamese, and Arab merchant ships . Now we are in the jungle, everyone, we are in the jungle, everyone of us now, the sacred mountain of the Cham Kingdom. Welcome to My Son Sanctuary . It’s very hot today, hahaha. They sometimes draw water from the river and bring it to their houses. The ancestors of the Cham people can be traced back to around 1000 BC, living in the Sa Huong culture period in present-day central Vietnam . Ironware, glass, gemstones, and Han Dynasty bronze mirrors unearthed from the Sa Huong cultural site indicate that there was maritime trade in the early Cham region . In the 2nd century AD , the Cham people took advantage of the weakness of the Eastern Han Dynasty to rise up and establish the Linyi Kingdom. Before that, this area was under the rule of the Han Dynasty of China. To the west of Linyi Kingdom , which belonged to Rinan County, Jiaozhou, was Funan, an Indianized kingdom on the ancient Indochina Peninsula. It absorbed a lot of Indian culture from Funan, including Brahmanism and the caste system , and borrowed Sanskrit to create the localized Champa alphabet. Its capital was Hoi An in the first two episodes. We know that Hoi An is adjacent to the estuary and is an important post station on the ancient Silk Road. Therefore, from the 7th to the 10th century, Champa reached its peak and controlled important waterways of the Maritime Silk Road. The main economic income came from the export of ironware, aloe vera , and foreign wars and plunder . Culturally, it began to believe in Brahmanism (the predecessor of Hinduism) and worship gods such as Shiva and Vishnu (Shiva will be mentioned many times later). It was during this period that the Champa Kingdom built a large number of Brahman temples in My Son. It also became the core holy place for successive kings to be crowned and worship Shiva. In 877, China began to call it Champa. Later, the Champa Kingdom had many wars with Vietnam and Cambodia. The nation’s power was depleted and declining. In 1471, Emperor Thang Tong of the Later Le Dynasty of Vietnam launched an expedition against Champa and captured its capital, Vijaya. From then on, Champa controlled only the southern region of Binh Tong Long and became a chieftain under Vietnam in 1697. In 1832, Emperor Minh Mang of the Nguyen Dynasty issued an order to “reform the chieftains and return them to the Han Chinese,” formally annexing the Binh Tong Long region. From then on, the Champa Kingdom officially fell. We can once again see the sacred mountain. The buildings here have been preserved by trees for five centuries. Five hundred years! Come on , yes, oh, and here too. This is a great view for taking photos . Is this a video? Just now you said that the temple is the oldest Hindu temple (Brahman temple) with the holy mountain in the background. We walked to the largest temple group BCD. As you can see on the map, there are different groups. They are named with Latin letters. Yes, when the French began to realize that they were in different seasons, they named them with Latin letters. But this does not mean that group A is larger than group B. We can see that these Hindu temples are scattered irregularly in this jungle. At that time, the Kinh people, that is, the rulers of the Nguyen Dynasty, occupied the Champa Kingdom. The local residents here did not tell the Nguyen Dynasty soldiers about the existence of such a religious temple. Because the Nguyen Dynasty people believed in Buddhism , the local residents may have been worried that if the Nguyen Dynasty knew about the existence of this Hindu site , they would destroy it. So it was not until the 18th century when France colonized Vietnam that the French discovered this hidden in the jungle. A Hindu temple nestled among trees. You can see the largest temple complex right in the center of the valley. Yes, it’s the most impressive. Only here can we see some of the original architecture. The rest are restored temples and ruins. You see, when the French came, they named them B, C, after three lucky letters . But they actually have the same layout and the same function, but they’re of different ages because, yes, they were built by different royal families of the kingdom . Yes, the kingdom belonged to different royal families, and yes, they were rivals. Yes, they fought each other to become king . They seized power from others, and when they became kings, they didn’t use the old buildings. So when they seized power, they built new temples for themselves. But they also honored Hindu gods , so fortunately, they weren’t destroyed . They weren’t destroyed, but left empty. They built new ones for themselves. Yes, the C complex temples were built in the early 10th century , so they’re about 1,100 years old. Group B is the youngest group, about 800 years old . Yes, you know, this is not the oldest temple because the first building here was built in the fourth century. Because the oldest temples were built of wood, they brought big trees from the jungle here. They first made wooden temples, but you know, it’s very hot here in the summer, and that’s why the forest fire happened and burned down the wooden temple. We can’t see any wooden buildings here anymore. Where did they get the bricks? Right here, starting in the early seventh century, they created alternative building materials. They took clay from the ground here, made bricks, and then they dried the bricks first. Then they used a unit-building technique to glue the bricks together . Well, until now, we didn’t know how they could glue the bricks together without mortar. Yes, let’s take a closer look. Yes, yes, yes , here, this is the only major temple left. Now we can see that it’s the most important building in the complex. They built this temple to worship Shiva. Yes , it’s Shiva. Let ‘s take a quick look. Those who have seen my previous videos know that I stayed in Da Nang for about a week , near the Da Nang Cham Sculpture Museum, but I didn’t visit it. The day after visiting the Perfect Mountain Sanctuary, I became more interested in Cham culture, so I left Hoi An. We took a taxi for over 30 kilometers to the Cham Sculpture Museum , which is the museum with the largest collection of Cham art in the world , with 2,000 artifacts. The site where these artifacts were unearthed was mainly the My Son Sanctuary , but that’s a story for later. This part is quite long, so I may share it with you in a future video. In the museum, I learned that Hinduism is divided into many sects , such as the Vaishnav sect, the Shiva sect , the Shakti sect, etc. Shiva is the supreme god of the Shiva sect and one of the most important gods in Hinduism. He is both the destroyer and the regenerator. In the belief system, he represents the cycle and liberation of the universe . The Champa Kingdom, which began in the 2nd century AD, was deeply influenced by Hinduism, and the main belief was the Shiva sect . Shiva is the most important deity worshipped by the Shiva sect (qi), so most of the temples in the My Son Sanctuary are Shiva temples , and they mainly worship Shiva and (Linga-Yoni). We will talk about (Linga-Yoni) in detail later. You know,
the base of the bottom of this building is also broken, yes. This was reinforced by police engineers. Forty-five years ago, when they arrived, this building was about to collapse, so they collected these broken bricks from other everyday buildings and placed them here. You see, at that time, they cemented the bricks together with concrete. Can you see the big gap? Yes, you can see it. Yes, but you see , that’s the original surface of the building. It’s over 1,000 years old. This is the main temple of the powerful god Shiva , but you see, they also built other smaller stupas for other gods, lesser gods, because there are a thousand Hindu gods, over 1,000 Hindu gods . Yes, good question. You know, when the Cham people arrived here, there were no religious beliefs. But in the fourth century, an Indian religious figure arrived. Yes , he talked to the locals about religion. You know, both Hinduism and Buddhism came from India. But the Kinh people (the majority ethnic group in Vietnam) chose to follow Buddhism. I think the Cham people here are Hindu, so that’s why they practice Hinduism here . Yes
, you see, there are three buildings in a straight line. They have the same layout and they have the same function. Yes , one is the main temple , and this one is the gate. The gatehouse and the upper staircase are the meditation halls. You see , they’re connected by a gate. You see , there are stairs going up and down. Yes, that’s the water tower , which holds holy water. The Cham people bring water from the sacred mountain . They fill the pool with water . On the other side is a tower , which is used to hold offerings. You know, this place isn’t for living , it’s for worship. When they come here on special days , not every day, you know , it takes a long time to walk here. Yes, when they arrive, they have to meditate in this building. This building has windows for people to meditate. When they finish meditating, they walk around the tower in the middle . It’s like a modern-day transition between normal life and spiritual life. When they arrive here, they have to stand outside the main temple , and only priests can enter the main hall . Before they walk in , they enter the fresh water area and draw water from there. Yes. This building is the emptier right now , but we can go and see. Yes , everyone can go now. Yes, don’t worry. The same is true when you enter traditional houses in other temples. For other religions , they have the same idea of ​​doors. Yes. Um… you know, you see this building is smaller at the top , right? They’re all pyramid-shaped, right? It represents the shape of a sacred mountain. They put it outside for you to see, yes. This is a linga (which can be understood as a symbol of Lord Shiva’s power). You see, this lingam is very simple, cylindrical. Some lingas have taller columns . This is the yoni . Only priests can perform rituals in the main temple. The priest drips holy water from the top of the linga, and the water flows into the yoni. You see, it moves around the yoni and is then drawn out through tiny cracks. The priest then collects the holy water from the altar. Then they brought it outside and spread it to others. They stood outside and prayed. The earliest Hindu temple built at My Son Sanctuary was begun in the 4th century AD to worship Shiva, the main Hindu deity. The linga mentioned here is an abstract symbol of Shiva in Hinduism. It usually appears in a simple cylindrical shape and
is often combined with the yoni, which symbolizes the womb , to form a whole. The two are united as one, symbolizing the union of yin and yang, male and female , and also representing the infinite power of Shiva. This is because in Hindu culture, Shiva can be said to be a symbol of fertility and the infinite power of reproduction . In ancient royal rituals, kings gained divine legitimacy by offering sacrifices to the linga and yoni, symbolizing the prosperity of the country and the multiplication of their people. Therefore, in Hindu temples, the linga and yoni are often the core objects of worship. Look at the language. Have you seen this language? Other places have been strongly influenced by Indian culture, but
North Vietnam has been strongly influenced by China. It is not Indian. Yes, you see, uh, there is also an altar with a lingam and yoni . Yes, you know, the one in the linga of the main temple is the same shape. You can also see the human form of Shiva. But this one is broken, yes. You see the missing head, yes the missing left foot. They may still be in the jungle, or someone may have taken them away. Yes, there are two bombs behind me. As the tour guide just said, half of these Hindu temples here were destroyed during the Vietnam War. In 1969 and 1972, the North Vietnamese army used My Son Sanctuary as a military base. American planes bombed the area, causing a large number of ancient monuments to be destroyed and suffering heavy losses. According to statistics, there were more than 70 such religious temples before the war . After the bombing, only about 20 of them were still preserved in their original appearance. After the unification of Vietnam in 1975, these sites were protected and restored. In 1999, My Son Sanctuary was listed as a World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO , becoming one of the earliest places in Vietnam to be listed as a World Cultural Heritage. The one we just visited has a history of more than 1,000 years. These seem to be only a few decades old. This city was built in the 12th century and was destroyed. Italian artists restored it. It is in Cham script, which was also adapted from Indian Sanskrit. However, many of them were damaged by bombs during the Vietnam War . The ones you see today are some restored Hindu temples. When was this temple built? It’s almost a thousand years old. Yes, many temples have collapsed, so this thing in the temple is called an altar. I learned a word today, so they brought it out. This is the altar (yoni) in front of us. The tour guide said it was built in the 14th century, making it over 700 years old. It’s empty inside. We can see that due to the passage of time, many of these ancient temples are in a state of collapse, so they are under protection and cannot be visited . There are different groups of Hindu sacred objects here: b, c, and d are the largest. Then there’s group a , group g, group e, and group f. This is group k. There are only two buildings here, and this is from the 11th century. This is the door to group k. We can see the My Son Sanctuary, and its English name is my son World Cultural Heritage World Cultural Heritage After leaving the scenic area, a minibus took the five of us, including the tour guide, to the bank of the Thu Bon River. This was the last experience of this trip. Take a boat tour of the Thu Bon River and taste Vietnamese specialties. This is a baguette with pork. A little chili sauce would make it even more delicious. Or a bottle of Coke would be fine. It’s a bit dry. Usually a video has to be sublimated at the end, but I don’t have the habit of forcing sublimation. If I must talk about my feelings today , then I think this trip is still very worthwhile. Because in addition to eating and drinking, we can get a deeper understanding of the historical stories that happened in Vietnam, which adds some historical memories to this trip in central Vietnam. Maybe I will leave central Vietnam for southern Vietnam soon . After nearly two months of staying in northern Vietnam and central Vietnam, I am finally leaving. I am finally leaving for southern Vietnam. If you like my video, please remember to like and subscribe to my channel. This is a great support for me . Thank you for watching. I am Atlas. See you next time. Thank you for watching, like, subscribe and leave a message

【阿樹闖越南】EP47

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