在智利北部找到太平军的后裔丨智利伊基克丨探索美洲第二季第12集

在智利北部找到太平军的后裔丨智利伊基克丨探索美洲第二季第12集

In the list of Nanning’s “friends”. There is one name that is particularly unfamiliar Iquique, Chile A port city on the Pacific coast A port city on the Pacific coast 20,000 kilometers away from here. Nanning, the birthplace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. What kind of story is hidden between Nanning, the birthplace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and it? Our Taiping Heavenly Kingdom used to help Chile fight Peru This is the earliest Chinese community hall here Let’s follow the camera Let’s find out the stories of those “Taiping Army” who crossed the sea. Welcome back to Ark’s channel on the road. Today I’m leaving Santiago. I’m going to a city that has a connection with the Taiping Rebellion. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Taiping Rebellion was overthrown. The surrendered Taiping soldiers were treated as “piglets”. They were sold to Iquique in northern Chile to dig for guano. And the Pacific War also took place here. I don’t know if it’s a coincidence or fate. So let’s get started on today’s trip. Equality between men and women, voting, wealth distribution Hong Xiuquan never dreamed His Taiping Heavenly Kingdom policy Had blossomed in a foreign land. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the remnants of the Taiping Army. Fled to the Atacama Desert Bolivia’s Atacama Desert. To dig for guano, known as “white gold”. But it was not to be. Iquique used to be Peru. The people who came here They were sold as “piglets”. There was no freedom here. When we were mining, the workers didn’t even have names. They had a number tattooed on their arm. It’s called a number on your arm, not a name. That’s why in the Pacific War. Chinese workers sided with Chile. And now every year their children and grandchildren benefit from it. They fought with Peru We Chinese are our Cantonese They came from our grandfather’s generation They fought the Peruvian army here They won. They were supposed to give us this city. But we’re too few So we didn’t dare take the city. In the end, we took the property in the center of the city The China House is now renting it out. The rent is collected Once a year. At New Year’s, the children’s exam results come out. And for the elderly. Like my grandfather. The members of the club also give out money. What about the passenger terminal? It’s right next to the train station. From here to Iquique. It’s over 1,800 kilometers. I booked the tickets online. The price is 36 dollars. You can see it. This train station Is also a very large commercial complex A lot of stores Inside the train station There’s also a big supermarket I’ll be traveling for more than 20 hours, right? I’ll need to pack some food. From Santiago to Iquique, 1,800 kilometers. The bus travels along the Pacific coast. That’s 1,800 kilometers of ocean view. Through mountains and deserts. Interspersed with cities, harbors and fishing villages. The bus travels to every major city In every major city, including small bus stops on the side of the road. It stops in every major city. It’s 8:00 in the morning. And then It’s dropping us off at a stopover. Then we can have some breakfast here Then he’ll pick us up at 8:40 a.m. What about the bus station? There’s a charge for the restroom. 600 pesos (4.4CNY≈0.6USD) per person. It’s like this. A key tag In the men’s room, there is also a table where you can change a child’s diaper. And this is the restroom I feel like the toilets here are very small. And they charge a fee. If you were in Brazil, they’d be the best kind of toilets. There’s a service station. And you can take a shower. Public toilets are the same all over the world. They’re all full of advertisements. From here, it’s the Atacama Desert. And Iquique? It’s in the heart of the desert. After a whole day and night. We’re finally here. Iquique is a huge city in the heart of the Atacama Desert. Iquique is also the largest duty-free port center in South America. It’s also the largest duty-free commercial port center in South America. Iquique is located in the north of Chile The Pacific Ocean to the west. And the Atacama Desert to the east. It was once an ancient fishing and hunting colony. Part of the Inca Empire. In the 19th century. The arrival of the Spaniards and the discovery of saltpeter. Made it the “saltpeter capital” of the world. At one point, it supplied about 80% of the world’s saltpeter. This wealth not only brought prosperity. It also led to the saltpeter war between Chile and Peru. Peru and Bolivia. Chile eventually won. Chile eventually won and took Iquique under its wing. Today it is a free port city with a population of 230,000 A free port city with an area of 2,242 square kilometers. ZOFRI, the largest free trade zone in South America, is located here. And the sea breeze continues to blow the sails of commerce. I put my bags away. Then I took a shower. After washing up? It washes away the fatigue of traveling. This is the square in the center of Iquique. This is also the center of the city. But as you can see, it’s a Saturday. There aren’t many people here. The population of the city is only about 200,000 people. This is a theater they’re renovating. The style of the city and its people The style of the city, including the people, is closer to the Inca culture of Peru. 1,500 pesos (11CNY≈1.5USD) I’ve loved barbecued chicken wings since I was a kid. They’re so tender. There’s salsa and chili sauce. And then there’s bread. You can eat as much as you want. Beef fried rice. The price is only 6,000 pesos (44.7CNY≈6.2USD). It’s very affordable. And the portion is huge. You can get authentic Chinese food here. The songs are very cheerful I thought it was a wedding But it’s a funeral. But Latin Americans don’t treat death the same way we do. He’s more relaxed Not as serious as us East Asians You can buy coca leaves here too But this is not coca leaves Coca leaves cost about 1,500 pesos a piece (11CNY≈1.5USD) Good morning, everyone This is a tourist harbor You can take a boat and go out to sea. You can take a boat and go out to play. There’s also a famous sea lion here. If there’s a pier, there must be a seafood market. This is a local seafood market. You can see all the locals. This side is selling shark meat. This fish stall has a wide variety of seafood. This should be abalone. Fresh abalone. Do you know what kind of fish this is? It looks like a scavenger from the Amazon. But it’s definitely not a scavenger. Because this is a sea fish. I ordered a sea urchin salad. Wow, that’s a lot of sea urchins. The price is only 6,000 pesos (44.7CNY≈6.2USD). It’s very affordable. I found a corner to enjoy my sea urchin salad. Wow, it’s so fresh! Hello, Hola.
. Chile. Chile.
Chile, chile. Wow, sea urchin! It’s really good to eat it like this. A mouthful of sea urchin. It’s got onions in it. Lemon and other ingredients. So it doesn’t taste fishy. It’s sweet and fresh. There must be dozens of sea urchins. Such a bowl Walking out of the seafood market? This is also a fishing harbor Can you hear the sound? Look down. They’re all sea lions. Now we’re in the ZOFRI Free Trade Zone. The entire free trade zone covers 2.4 square kilometers. You can see that it’s surrounded by fences. The enclosed area is the FTZ The Chilean government wants to boost the economy of the north To attract foreign investment ZOFRI (Zona Franca de Iquique) was established in 1975. It covers an area of 240 hectares It’s here. Shipments from Asia, Europe, and North America. Into the ZOFRI You don’t have to pay import duties They can be warehoused and wholesaled here. Re-export it to Chile or South America. It’s not the right time. Today is a weekend. Many wholesale stores are not open. The only one that’s open is this mall Inside the mall are duty-free wines Like Jack Daniels. Two bottles cost 36,000 pesos (268CNY≈37USD) The Hefeweizen here is cheaper than in the supermarket. Two bottles cost 9,000 pesos (67CNY≈9.3USD). One bottle costs 5,000 pesos (37CNY≈5.1USD). How was your business?
how was your business It’s good
It’s good A toy store. A cartoon toy like this one. For 42,000 pesos (313CNY≈43.5USD) Look at the country of origin here. It’s also made in China. Hey, why are the clothes different? Don’t be surprised. Because this was taken the next day. Yesterday was a Sunday. There weren’t many people around. So I came back the next day. But for the sake of consistency. I put it together. Let’s continue to walk around the FTZ See all the containers outside? This mall is really big And it’s well-connected. There’s another mall over here Go inside It’s a variety of different types of malls This is a branded supermarket Different brands are combined together Wow, this free trade zone is really big This ordinary white t-shirt The price is 32,000 pesos (238CNY≈33USD) You must be wondering Yesterday was a weekend. Shouldn’t there be more people? But in fact, yesterday was not only a weekend It was also Children’s Day in Chile That’s why a lot of people took their Children to the beach. And bring them to the children’s park This should be the Taiwanese owner of a Pearl milk tea store The price of pearl milk tea is not expensive For a large cup, it’s 3300 pesos (24CNY≈3.4USD). The small cup is 2,700 pesos (20CNY≈2.8USD). This one is full of milk and tea flavor This is a chain of milk tea stores Inside the mall It’s actually a retail area If you want to enter the wholesale area Or the internal warehouse area You need to get a card to get in. Welcome to Zofri
welcome to zofri This is the wholesale area It’s also an unloading area It’s also a warehouse You call me Wang. I’m from Fujian At that time, we were in China We had our own business But Not so good We heard that our Chilean friends were doing well. So we found a time to come here. How long have you been here? Since 2013. Where are our main customers from now? Bolivia Argentina, Paraguay We’ve been here for more than ten years What’s the biggest challenge? Many of them are the devaluation of the Argentine exchange rate And now Bolivia, for example. The exchange rate is also depreciating. （Do you have any resale fees? The rent is 6 yuan per square foot. Not here. The FTZ market is different from that of foreign countries. Brazil, for example. It’s different. Like here Does it require personal qualifications? That’s for sure. It’s all about qualifications. So there’s no question of speculation This FTZ is at least 80% Chinese-owned. Let’s say we buy 50 boxes of cell phones The amount of money involved It’s about 400,000 dollars Sometimes we make several trips a month The amount of money becomes turnover It’s all higher Clothing manufacturers mainly rely on containers Some have a couple hundred containers a year Then their amount will also be very high For example, if we have 100 containers. The amount of money involved could be tens of millions of dollars. You make them in China and bring them here. It’s the same all over the world. It’s rarely produced abroad Problems in the industrial chain You need to dye a color for a garment Basically, you can do it in Chile There’s basically no other country in the world that can do it That’s why it’s impractical to open a factory here It’s not practical We don’t have a lot of clients here anymore. Most of them are in Bolivia. Yes, that’s right And some other countries. Brazil, for example. It has high taxes. Yes, Brazil is very high If they come here to buy goods from Brazil They have to pay taxes too They’ll smuggle it in one way or another Ha ha ha There are many ways If you do business on the surface In fact, it is a lot It’s hard to do. Can not be done You’ve been to many countries I believe also Not that you ah This country If you are in accordance with the regular to do Really can not do Including this The value of this container of goods ah How do you declare Right right You need to understand these understand You will be in accordance with all according to everyone in accordance with the formal declaration In addition to a particular large companies They can do Profit here is actually everyone doing the same thing They are all middlemen Traders have very low profits So if you do wholesale clothing here How much is the profit? Gross profit is good You made one that doesn’t carry acceptance Then you can only lose money Yes, if you do the same thing That bucket price, can be 10% would be good If you do a few styles No other competitors during this period You can 30% 50% It’s hard to say You can not It’s hard to say when you talk like this No one in the industry dares to respond to what you’re saying Which company said I do the product is to achieve profits of how much percent Just look at the product You entered a cabinet with full confidence But they have already prepared in advance The whole market is full of goods You can only lose money on this cabinet Very lucky Then in the free trade zone I met two viewers who watched my video He introduced me to them Because their company is quite big It’s not convenient for them to appear in the movie After he introduced us He introduced us to Mr. Wang He introduced us to the Free Trade Zone Inside the free trade zone, there is also a bus available The price is 650 pesos (4.8CNY≈0.6USD) The buses here take cash directly Buses in Chile Buses in Chile will have a sign like this. To show the speed of the bus You see this bus A smaller bus 93 is 1,315 pesos (9.8CNY≈1.3USD)/liter. 95 is 1,328 (9.9CNY≈1.3USD) per liter 97 is 1,343 pesos (10CNY≈1.39USD). Iquique is located in the heart of the desert. As you can see. There is an oasis surrounded by the desert. Then there is the beach. The beach is also very good It’s not as good as the beaches in Rio. But it’s still very good. You can see the oasis here. Actually, it’s all fresh water that’s brought here by hand. There’s no water here. The main thing it relies on It relies on the snow water from the Andes. It’s brought here And then add some desalination treatment How long has Uncle Tong been here? I’ve been here for 45 years 45 years? Did your father come here first? Or did you come with him? My grandpa came first. Your grandpa, then your dad, then you. Your grandfather came here in the ’20s. My dad came around 1967-1968. I was born in ’51. I was 8 years old and went to school for 6 years and graduated from elementary school. After that, I couldn’t go to school. It was a difficult time. How did you get here? Did you come by boat or by plane? I flew here (I borrowed money to buy the ticket) From Hong Kong to Japan or Korea? I don’t remember which country. I went to Korea first, then changed planes and went to Los Angeles. Then I flew from LA to San Diego How old were you then? Twenty-nine. My dad started out in restaurants. Then he practiced acupuncture. Iquique used to be Peruvian. People who came here were sold as piglets. Sold as piglets. At that time, they were recruiting in Macau and Hong Kong. The recruiters said it was easy to make money here. You could make a few thousand a month. You know how it is. China was very poor at that time Chinese workers had to cross the ocean to make a living After arriving There was no freedom They didn’t even have a name when they were digging. They had a number tattooed on their arms Chinese workers only had numbers but no names The Peruvian government was cruel to the Chinese workers They had nothing to eat They couldn’t eat or sleep well That’s why the Chinese workers revolted They fought for the Chilean army. They walked from here to Lima, Peru Our grandfathers’ generation was already here. They fought here against Peru. They won the war They were going to give us this city. But we Chinese workers are fewer in number So we didn’t dare to take it They only wanted some properties in the center of the city There are about 10 to 20 properties. There used to be more Now there may be 10 or 8 left I don’t know exactly how many Now the China Club rents out the properties The rent received Every year, the children and the elderly over 65 years old We organize dinners for the holidays. Members of the club bring their children with them. Anyone born here or from China is welcome But they must be from Guangdong. Or have a local wife. Chileans. You can bring them with you. If the kids do well in school. They’ll get money. Members of the Chinese Association will also get red packets. It’s not bad. But only those who work in Iquique. Those who have been living here all their lives. It’s a benefit only for those who join the club. Like our family. But you still need to have a history of the area. To join the club. Yes, this is also It’s a benefit that our previous generation left us. In the rental income We’ll help anyone in need. How many members are there now? About 100 members That’s not a lot Just over 100 Yes, they’re all Cantonese. In Iquique You can see a lot of families They all have a statue like this This kind of faith seems to be Peruvian and Catholic. And Buddhism. Buddhism or something like that. But this is actually the Catholic San Lorenzo. This puppy is taking a vow of sovereignty. In Chile. Passengers here are very polite when they get off the bus. They even thank the driver when they get off the bus. You can take bus line 4 to the bottom of the mountain. From here, you can hike to the top. You can see that the desert is already here. I’ve taken off my shoes. I’ll give you a view from the top. Iquique I’m sure you’ll think I’m lazy. I’m going to fly a drone halfway up the mountain. But I’m really going to get to the top. It’s a short distance. It’s very physical. And the sand is very soft. It means you’ve only climbed one and a half steps in four. It’s very tiring. If you get tired sometimes You can stop in the middle to enjoy the scenery You can rest for a while But no matter what. We’re still heading for the finish line Sometimes you have to give yourself a little goal If I can climb to the top of the mountain This year, the number of subscribers exceeded 300,000 If I don’t get to the top, I’ll lose my fan base. The audience has finally, finally, finally made it to the top. 300,000 subscribers this year. Deserts, cities, sunsets, geese. And the Pacific Ocean. Do you know why it’s called the Pacific Ocean? When Magellan crossed the Atlantic. Then he crossed the Strait of Magellan along South America. He came to this part of the ocean. He thought the sea was calm. That’s why it’s called the Pacific Ocean. September 6, 1522 The Victoria slowly sailed back to Spain. It marked the first successful voyage around the world in the history of mankind. This feat not only proved The earth is round It also revolutionized the ancient belief that the sky is round. The leader of this fleet Was the Portuguese navigator Magellan “the first man to embrace the Earth.” Early in the morning of September 20, 1519 Magellan set sail from the port of Sanlúcar, Spain. From the port of Sanlúcar, Spain. 84 days later, he arrived in Rio de Janeiro. After resupplying, he continued south. After resupplying, he continued southward, passing the Labrata River. Wintering in the port of San Julian. After 435 days (September 20, 1520). Magellan finally crossed the American continent Into the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean After 99 days of starvation and death (March 1521) Arrives in the Philippines Magellan is killed in battle on Mactan (April 27, 1521) He was succeeded by his second-in-command, who continued his voyage westward. Via Indonesia (loaded with spices) The Indian Ocean, the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope). After two years, 11 months and 17 days (September 6, 1522) The only survivor, the Victoria, returns to Spain. The only survivors of the Victoria returned to Spain. And only 18 when she returned. Good morning, everyone. Behind me. Behind me is the Military and Naval Museum of Iquique. This is a record of the Pacific War. When you hear about the Pacific War. It’s a very big war. It wasn’t. This war. It’s not the Pacific War of World War II. Let me give you a comparison of the military power of the participating countries. Chile’s navy had only six ships. Bolivia didn’t have any. Peru had only two. And the entire army. Intelligence: 20,000 men. Bolivia had less than 5,000. And Peru only has 10,000. That’s why Although the number of Chinese in the war was not that large. But in fact, they played a decisive role in the war They also played a decisive role in the war. More than 100 years ago, synthetic nitrogen (synthetic fertilizer) hadn’t been invented yet. Bird droppings in the Atacama Desert were still “platinum”. The raw material for gunpowder and fertilizer. This rich desert belongs to Bolivia. But it’s Chilean capital that exploits the mines. Peru wanted to monopolize the trade. In 1879, Bolivia suddenly raised taxes. In 1879, Bolivia suddenly raised taxes and confiscated the Chilean mines. Chile was furious and went to war. Peru was allied with Bolivia. Peru was forced to join the war. This war of guano lasted five years. The Chilean army reached Lima, the capital of Peru. The Peruvian army was forced to turn to guerrilla warfare. （Peru and Chile signed the Treaty of Ancón. Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón, ceding the province of Tarapacá. （Bolivia and Chile sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Becomes landlocked One Chinese restaurant Two Chinese restaurants 3 Chinese restaurants Three Chinese restaurants at one intersection. They came here during the Taiping Rebellion. The Chinese joined the war. This was the first meeting house This is the China Club. I didn’t realize it had such a long history Since the Taiping Rebellion in the late Qing Dynasty. It’s been around since the late Qing Dynasty. This hall Until now They still give out benefits to their members every year. But there aren’t many members now There are only 100 or so. There’s a strict vetting system for members. Of course, this is also because of their older generation Worked so hard to come here to mine And then participated in the war Then their fathers fought for some of the industry And then came to get some benefits Don’t be envious. They deserve it. In the center of the city. There’s an inter-city bus station From here, you can take a bus to the city center. I came here to buy a ticket. And go to the mine. It’s 3,000 pesos (22CNY≈3.1USD). It’s about 50 kilometers away. Let’s go to the mine today. Hello, Mr. Hola.
Hola. At the top of the hill is another city. This city is It’s not so small. But the buildings aren’t as tall. You can see the race of the people here. The Incas of the Andes. This is Humberstone. It’s a saltpeter mine. It’s about 50 kilometers from the center of Iquique. If you don’t have strong hands-on skills. Don’t follow my example of traveling freely Actually, you can go with a tour group here. The price is only 40,000 pesos (298CNY≈41USD) Because I prefer to be free Because I have to shoot everything. It’s not so convenient to go with a group Here is the entrance to the scenic spot Look at Santiago Humberstone and Santa Laura are two small towns. This is the entrance to the scenic spot More than 100 years ago This place prospered because of saltpeter It attracted workers from all over the world Including Chinese laborers who were trafficked here. At the beginning of the 20th century. Thousands of miners and their families lived here. There were schools, theaters, swimming pools. Even English tennis courts. It was an oasis of prosperity in the desert. But with the advent of synthetic nitrates. With the advent of synthetic nitrates. And in 1960, it was completely abandoned. Now we’re in the middle of a scenic spot. The entrance fee is 6000 pesos (44CNY≈6.2USD) You see this sign? Oficina. Humberstone and Santa Laura That’s where it is. It was the office of these two towns at the time. It’s a better place This is also a World Heritage Site. You can see the offices at that time It’s not bad at all. This room. This is where you can see the toys of the children at that time. You can see a lot of toys. That means this town was not small at that time. So many children. Shoes at that time. All kinds of toys. This gallery shows the kitchenware of the time. You can see that stoves like this It’s very common in Tibet There are all kinds of other things. This must be canned goods. What other canned goods are made in New York? I heard that At that time, the leader of this area was an Englishman. This is a display of electric poles. Some switches. And then there’s some Street lamps and so on Can you imagine these items were in the Qing Dynasty? At that time In such a remote town There were already electrochemical devices. Inside is the living room. It’s not bad. There’s a sofa. This is the master bedroom, right? This is the children’s room. It’s hard to believe there was a bathtub. And a bidet toilet. This is the kitchen. The back kitchen. And there’s a backyard. The backyard is also quite big. Some of the porcelain from that time This is one of the best-preserved plates. You can see that it’s a landscape painting. This is the saltpeter. It’s nitrogen. It’s the raw material for fertilizer and gunpowder. In 1890. Chile supplied 80% of the world’s nitrogen. But after the end of World War I. With the invention of synthetic nitrogen The demand for this natural nitrate ore The demand for this natural nitrate ore declined dramatically. In the 1950’s. Natural nitrate accounted for less than 3% Was less than 3% of the world’s nitrogen supply. And these two plants They closed down in 1960. This room. This room shows leaflets from all over the world about Chilean saltpeter. Chilean fertilizer. It’s also in Arabic. And the best natural in English The best natural And this one is Japanese. But I can read these words. Chilean saltpeter. These are flyers from all over the world. I’ll walk a little further in and take a look. It’s very contemporary. This one must be from Japan, too. It’s absolutely necessary. Chilean saltpeter. Hey! This must be a fertilizer advertisement from the Republican era. Take a look It’s really the Republic of China, 19th year Chilean fertilizer Let’s make a conclusion here Chinese miners who were trafficked as piglets. Fleeing from the wars of the Taiping Rebellion. But in this desert, they were plunged into another catastrophe. The Pacific War. Thankfully. In these two catastrophes They were able to survive And their descendants have gained wealth and security They’ve gained wealth and stability. But compared to the suffering of generations. Peace is the most precious treasure.

《探索美洲第二季第12集：智利伊基克》
太平天國覆滅，太平軍餘部逃難到智利伊基克，卻捲入了另一場浩劫：太平洋戰爭，結果幫助智利贏得了此戰，子孫後代受益至今！
洪秀全做梦也没想到，他推行的太平天国政策，某些部分竟在异国他乡开花结果
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在路上，去遠方，看真實的世界！
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目前已拍攝的系列有：《去邊疆》、《探秘巴基斯坦》、《外高加索》、《探索美洲》、《重走絲路》、《亞洲行》、《去邊疆第二季》、《穿越亞歐》
正在進行的系列《探索美洲第二季》：巴西、烏拉圭、阿根廷、智利…
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