他们穿蜘蛛网做的衣服，被误认成野人：60年前，解放军在深山首次发现这个神秘民族！

他们穿蜘蛛网做的衣服，被误认成野人：60年前，解放军在深山首次发现这个神秘民族！

In 1956, the People’s Liberation Army discovered a “lost tribe” by chance while patrolling in the deep mountains of Yunnan. They wore clothes woven from spider webs, were completely black and could not speak. When they saw people, they ran away like wild animals. Who were they? Why did they still live in a primitive life without iron tools and writing in the middle of the 20th century? The official data of this mysterious ethnic group could not even find their name. They had their own language, totem and marriage customs , but in a few decades they changed from “savages” to tea factory owners and young people who were admitted to universities. Today we will walk into this group that disappeared on the edge of the map, the Kucong people. In the summer of 1956, the People’s Liberation Army was patrolling the Sino-Vietnamese border when they suddenly saw a man climbing a tree forty or fifty meters away picking wild fruits. The soldiers shouted excitedly, “Fellow villager, fellow villager” , but the man suddenly slid down from the tree and turned around and ran away In the blink of an eye, they disappeared into the sea of forests, so fast that even experienced soldiers could not catch up. They realized that these people had a deep fear and vigilance of the outside world. Following the trail, the People’s Liberation Army found more than 600 Kucong people at the edge of the dense forest. According to them, there were more than 2,000 people scattered in different areas in the mountains. Since then, the People’s Liberation Army and the ethnic work team have carried out three large-scale searches, which lasted for several years. Finally, a total of 2,177 Kucong people were found. They had no writing and no currency , and used spider webs and tree bark as clothes. They practiced a collective life of eating meat and drinking wine together. They never showed up when trading with the outside world, but only placed animal skins and bamboo utensils on the roadside and hid in the bushes to observe. To find them, you must cross the most precipitous mountains in Yunnan, in the primeval forests between Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain at an altitude of 1,800 to 2,100 meters. Ancient trees cover the sky, miasma is everywhere, poisonous insects and wild beasts are roaming, even if you walk in during the day it is as dark as night. To modern people, this is the terrifying green restricted area on the map , but to the Kucong people, this is their home and their entire world. It was not until that accidental discovery that the secret hidden for thousands of years was revealed. The scene before their eyes was like traveling through time and space. In the low thatched huts, people and animals lived together . In the green smoke rising from the fire pit, figures covered with tree bark were looming, like a living picture of primitive society . These Kucong people had dishevelled hair and only simple coverings made of tree bark and banana leaves on their bodies. Some were even completely naked. They lived in low huts built of branches and banana leaves, and people, pigs, dogs, and chickens slept together. There was no trace of modern civilization, and the most shocking thing was their lifestyle. The Kucong people did not know what money was and had never seen modern cloth and clothes. They made clothes with spider webs and tree bark. Their social organization was extremely primitive , without the concept of private ownership, and they practiced a primitive collective lifestyle of eating meat and drinking wine together . Their way of contact with the outside world is even more mysterious. When they need to obtain daily necessities such as salt and ironware, the Kucong people use a unique “silent transaction”. They put animal skins, bamboo utensils or dried squirrel meat on the roadside and then hide in the grass and wait for people of other ethnic groups to take these items and leave behind salt, cloth or ironware of equal value. The two sides never meet during the whole process. This discovery shocked the whole of China. In 1956, seven years after the founding of New China, under the background of comprehensive socialist transformation, there were still compatriots living such a primitive life . This news spread all over the country quickly. Can you imagine? There is a kind of clothes made of material 14 times thinner than human hair, but stronger than steel wire and can even tow jet planes . It turns out that these seemingly primitive Kucong people made this “super material”. When the PLA work team got a deep understanding of the lives of the Kucong people, what shocked them most was the miraculous skill of the Kucong people in making clothes with spider webs. This sounds like a fairy tale , but it is the real survival skill of the Kucong people. The Kucong people make spider webs. The web clothing has strict material requirements. They specifically look for a kind of large flower spider called “ghost face spider”. Its scientific name is Nephila clavata. This spider has three colors of green, gray and red. It is very large and looks scary, but the Kucong people are not afraid of them at all. The web woven by this spider is particularly conspicuous and golden in color. The diameter of the web can reach about 2 meters, shining between trees. Making spider web clothing is an extremely time-consuming process. To make a complete spider web clothing, you need to collect thousands of such spider webs . The Kucong people often spend half a year collecting spider webs in the woods and use special tools to wind the spider webs down one by one. What ‘s interesting is that they not only collect spider webs , but also collect spiders to eat, because these large flower spiders are rare delicacies in the eyes of the Kucong people. The production process of spider web clothing is relatively simple , but it requires skills. The Kucong people make full use of the sticky characteristics of spider silk to make spider webs stick together. They don’t care about the insect shells and leaves left on the spider webs. They just clean up the large debris before making them . The collected spider webs are arranged into a uniform thickness. The silk is then flattened and compacted with a wooden board to form a thick cloth-like material, and finally sewn into clothing with needle and thread. Modern scientific testing has found that the performance of spider silk is amazing. The diameter of spider silk is only 7 microns, which is 14 times thinner than human hair , but its strength is far superior to silk. Spider silk is also very tough. If it is collected and made into a rope as thick as a finger, it can even tow a jet plane. The excellent performance of this natural material has amazed modern materials scientists. Although spider web clothes look rough and there are many insect corpses on them , they are precious cold-resistant clothing for the Kucong people . In the era when there were no cotton and linen textiles, spider web clothes helped the Kucong people get through countless cold winter nights . A feature of this kind of clothing is that it is afraid of water and cannot be washed. It can only be shaken off dust , but it has a good warming effect. Nowadays , spider web clothes are extremely rare. It is said that there are only 4 complete spider web clothes left in the entire Kucong area. It has truly become a priceless treasure for the Kucong people. There are fewer and fewer old people who can make spider web clothes. This ancient skill is in danger of being lost. In the work of ethnic identification They are classified as a branch of the Lahu ethnic group , but in the eyes of many scholars, their culture is very different from other Lahu ethnic groups , almost forming a system of their own. Even within the ethnic group, other Lahu people also use the word “Kucong” to refer to them. The word “Lahu” means “roasting tiger meat with fire” in Lahu language, which sounds full of the heroism of primitive hunting. However, the name “Kucong” has a special meaning in Lahu language. It means “people living in bamboo tubes” or “people hiding in the deep forests.” From the meaning of the name alone, we can feel the closer and more primitive symbiotic relationship between the Kucong people and the mountains and forests. They are the true sons of the forest. In the Kucong society, women have a higher status and practice exogamy, but men have to live in the woman’s home after marriage, and sometimes even have to live with their wives for life. This custom of “men marrying women” is completely opposite to the Han tradition. The economic life of the Kucong people is even more reflected. This primitive society has the characteristics of their almost no concept of private ownership. If someone’s family kills prey, the whole village will come and share it until it is all eaten. They also have no concept of personal property. Everything is shared by everyone. This collectivist lifestyle helps the Kucong people to support each other and survive together in the harsh natural environment. The Kucong people believe that all things have spirits and are extremely respectful of their ancestors and natural spirits. The Shepa Festival on the eighth day of the second lunar month every year is their most grand festival. The whole village will gather under the big tree next to the village to worship the male tree and pray for peace for the tribe and a good harvest. During the festival, men, women, old and young jump into the river together to catch fish. The water splashes and the laughter is a spectacular scene. During this festival, the Kucong people still retain a unique election ceremony. Catch a squirrel and put it in a wooden ladle. Let the water flow and the wooden ladle rotate. When it stops, who does the squirrel’s head point to? Whoever gets to be the new leader will be the new leader . This ancient divination method reflects their belief in the power of nature and their simple pursuit of fairness. The Kucong people have developed superb survival skills in their long-term forest life. The crossbows they make are well-made, and the arrows are often coated with poison extracted from plants, which can hunt all kinds of wild beasts. They know the animals and plants in the forest very well, and know which wild vegetables can satisfy hunger and which herbs can cure diseases. In addition to spider web clothes , the Kucong people can also make bark clothes. They choose the bark of the fire god tree. The bark fiber is extremely tough. It takes more than ten processes to make bark clothes. It takes about ten days from tree selection to finished clothes. Although the clothes are rough , in the era without modern textiles, bark clothes provide the Kucong people with basic body covering and warmth. The Kucong people still maintain the ancient skill of drilling wood to make fire. They use two pieces of bamboo to rub continuously for half a day to make it. Sparks burst out from bamboo pieces. The fire pit is the center of the life of the Kucong people. The fire must not be extinguished, because it will be extremely difficult to get fire again . The most important thing is that the Kucong people have mastered a full set of skills to survive in the primitive forest. They know how to identify directions in the dense forest , how to find clean water sources , how to avoid dangerous wild animals , and how to find shelter in bad weather. These skills are precious experiences that their ancestors have exchanged their lives for. There is no written record of the Kucong people. Everything is passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth. Not long after the Kucong people were persuaded by the People’s Liberation Army to leave the forest, a large group of people came from the mountain. They built a row of new wooden houses on the ridge and built new villages, and then invited the Kucong people to move in one by one. The People’s Liberation Army told them that this would be their home in the future. At that time, the Jinping County Committee of the Communist Party of China specially formulated a detailed plan to help the Kucong people transition to socialism. The government allocated 90,000 yuan for it. The government provided a huge amount of money (a huge sum at that time) to buy farm tools, oxen, seeds, iron pots and other daily necessities for 376 Kucong families. Each family received items worth more than 200 yuan. Everyone was relieved to see the Kucong people move into new houses and get modern farm tools. This primitive tribe that had lasted for thousands of years was finally going to say goodbye to the life of eating raw meat and drinking blood. However, just a few months later , something that shocked everyone happened. These Kucong people who had just moved into new houses began to disappear one after another. They left behind the farm tools and houses provided by the government and went back to the primitive forest with their families. What was even more shocking was that the Kucong people in one village actually moved back and forth between the mountains and the foot of the mountains for a full six times. In the end, this village was even named “Six Class Village”. The new village built by the government at a huge cost was empty , while those familiar thatched huts in the deep of the primitive forest were once again emitting smoke. ..The team members found a Kucong family who had returned to the forest on the hillside. It was a temporary shack that might have been built only two or three days ago . The only modern daily necessity in the shack was an iron pot, and there was still some fire in the fire pit. The owner seemed to have just left. This coming and going made everyone think deeply. Was it because the house was not built well , the farm tools were not advanced enough , or the working methods were problematic? However, the real reason was far more complicated than anyone imagined. It was a thousand-year leap to move from primitive society to socialist society. It took the Chinese nation 4,000 years to evolve from primitive society to socialist society. You can imagine how difficult it was for a primitive tribe that had just come out of the jungle to undergo such a transformation. The first difficulty faced by the Kucong people was the complete lack of production skills. Due to long-term hunting in the forest , the Kucong people had never even seen a cow. When they first saw this cow The Kucong people believed that the animal was very ferocious and that the cow would hit people, so they panicked and did not approach it . The township government officials led the Kucong people to the fields and plowed the fields themselves, asking the Kucong people to stand by and watch . After a few days , the Kucong people saw that the beast was actually very docile , so they learned to plow the fields. What was worse was that the Kucong people did not understand the twenty-four solar terms and missed the time to sow. The rice could not ear and bear fruit, and the harvest of the same field varied greatly. The Kucong people believe that it is “God’s injustice”. The lack of modern life skills makes it difficult for the Kucong people to carry out the most basic daily life. When they first went to the county town, they felt that the houses were tall and there were many cars. Some of the things sold on the street were unrecognizable. They only recognized the soap , shoes, clothes and pants they used in daily life. They could not recognize anything else. They could not brush their teeth or wash their faces. They could not use towels or brush their teeth. The most difficult thing to overcome is the huge difference in life concepts. The Kucong people have almost no concept of private property and the concept of private property is not very solid. Their way of life is that if there is wine, everyone drinks together . If a village kills a pig, the whole village will come together to eat with him. They will drink and have fun for two or three days . Even if they move to the foot of the mountain, this habit remains unchanged. The Kucong people who lived in the jungle in the past relied on this kind of mutual help to overcome difficulties. Their philosophy of life is very simple. I have eaten enough today , so I will live a good life today. I will bask in the sun and talk to my neighbors next door. “Let’s chat for a while. If I don’t have anything to eat tomorrow, I’ll go to the mountains to look for it. ” This concept of “drink wine today and enjoy it today” is completely inconsistent with the planned production in modern agricultural society. Although the government has repeatedly mobilized and worked , many Kucong people have returned to the mountains to relive their familiar hunting life. This kind of coming and going has caused many people to think deeply. It seems that simply sending wine, meat, rice , and food, building houses , and even teaching them how to farm are not enough to keep the hearts of the Kucong people. Just when everyone is about to give up, an unexpected turn of events occurs . In 1998, Hu Zhongwen, the captain of the Yunnan Provincial Nationalities Working Team, climbed up the mountain village for the 18th time and saw the Kucong people sitting in rows with dull eyes basking in the sun. This time he decided to change the strategy and no longer just build houses and send things , but to use the Kucong people’s talent for plants. The working team introduced a golden tropical fruit, the banana, and then a miracle happened. In the past, there had never been banana trees in Zhemi Township. In just a few years, tens of thousands of acres of continuous banana forests appeared . The Kucong people were shocked to find that the income from growing a small amount of bananas could be equal to that of hunting in the forest for several years. This was money earned by working with their hands, which was completely different from the relief in the past. Faced with vivid facts, the Kucong people who returned to the primitive forests went down the mountain one after another. The success of the banana industry attracted great attention from the provincial party committee. In 1998 , Linghu An, then secretary of the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee, personally went to Zhemi Township and instructed on the spot that the Kucong people in the province should be included in the 155 poverty alleviation and food and clothing project, so that they would have houses to live in , food to eat, clothes to wear, water to drink, fields to plant , and schools to go to. If the country’s pulling them out of the mountains in 1957 was the first spring for the Kucong people, then the 155 project in 1998 was their second spring . The change was amazing. The Kucong people’s housing was upgraded from thatched houses to wooden houses and then to brick and wood structures . In the past ten years , they have even lived in two-story villas. In Liuliu Xinzhai, several modern-style new buildings are particularly conspicuous. The Kucong people They proudly say that this was built with the money they earned from working. Now when you walk into the village , you will hardly find people sitting idly in the sun. All the villagers go out to work to grow bananas and engage in planting, busy creating a better life. The biggest changes are in the infrastructure. In the past, the biggest problem that troubled the Kucong people was transportation. Everything had to be carried on people’s backs or on horses, which was very difficult. Now the road is connected, and electricity and water are available, which has completely changed the quality of life of the Kucong people. Although the village is about 100 kilometers away from the county seat , the road leads directly to the village. Motorcycles have become standard equipment for every household . 4G signals cover the entire village . The villagers are proficient in using smartphones to keep in touch with the outside world at any time. The development of education has also achieved a historic breakthrough. In the past, 90% of the Kucong people were illiterate. Now the situation is completely different. The new school building of Zhemi Township Primary School is under construction. More than 300 Kucong children , like students from surrounding ethnic groups, receive modern education here with laughter and confidence. Cheerful, they grow up happily with hope. The most exciting thing is that the first college student Wang Zhengyun appeared among the Kucong people. After graduation, he started doing business and accumulated assets of tens of millions. Wang Zhengyun recalled the experiences of three generations. My grandfather’s generation was a pure primitive man looking for prey in the primeval forest. My father experienced the transformation from primitive to modern, and I have completely lived in the new era. Three generations and three completely different ways of life. Successful examples like Wang Zhengyun inspire more Kucong people. Tian Dexue’s family, who is now in his 50s, is a witness to the great changes in the lives of ordinary Kucong people. Tian Dexue’s family raises more than 10 pigs, which is an important source of income for ordinary Kucong people . They eat dried bananas or wild vegetables in the mountains, which are very low in cost . Tian Dexue’s 83-year-old father usually has to go to the mountains to do farm work. The older generation of Kucong people cannot speak Chinese and cannot communicate with outsiders. But Tian Dexue said with emotion that compared with his hometown, it is a huge change. We should thank all those who have helped us. The younger generation of Kucong people is performing even better. In Kucong Dazhai, children love sports and learn to ride motorcycles at the age of ten. They are also very professional in basketball. The children can communicate in fluent Mandarin, showing the style of the new generation of Kucong people. In Xuetang Village, Zhedong Town , there is an 11-year-old boy named Luo Yunxiang . His parents work away from home all year round and can only come back once a month. During the holidays, Luo Yunxiang and his cousin live with his grandfather’s house. Every day after herding cattle, the first thing he does is to do his homework . He speaks Mandarin more fluently than his grandfather. It can be seen that he is a very hardworking and sensible child. In this mountain village, his seriousness seems to be a special hope . The Kucong people have found a way to get rich that suits them. In the past, there were no banana trees in Zhemi Township , but now tens of thousands of acres of continuous banana forests can be seen on both sides of the road in Zhemi Township . The bananas in this place are of good quality. Bananas are big and beautiful in appearance. Banana planting has become an important source of livelihood and pillar for the Kucong people. In addition to bananas, large rubber forests are also an economic crop introduced by the work team from outside the mountains. The words banana and rubber have similar pronunciations, so they are always difficult to distinguish in the language of the Kucong people. But now they know clearly that both of them can be sold at a good price after being shipped out of the mountains. A villager smiled and said, “To be honest, it is not uncommon to save 70,000 to 80,000 or even 100,000 yuan a year. After we moved here, it is really a world of difference compared to our hometown . We can have today’s life thanks to those who have helped us. The Kucong people have not only become excellent farmers but also excellent handicraftsmen. In the mountains at the junction of Zhenyuan and Xinping, the Kucong people learned to make paper. This kind of paper is called Mayang paper. There are 72 steps in the production process, which reflects the further integration of the Kucong people with other ethnic cultures . Some Kucong people have also opened tea factories and learned to make Pu’er tea, which has not only increased the added value of tea , but also enabled the tea grown by the people in the mountains to have a market. The diversification of income sources has greatly improved the living standards of the Kucong people. They opened small shops , small supermarkets and small hotels. A small number of Kucong people even walked out of the mountains to seek development in more distant cities. Faced with vivid facts, all Kucong people were mobilized. The improvement of medical conditions allowed the Kucong people to bid farewell to the plight of the past when they could only pray to gods and ghosts when they were sick. In the past, the Kucong people lacked medical care and medicine, and the only “medical means” was sunbathing. After getting sick, they mostly left it to fate. Now with the popularization of modern medicine, more and more people choose to go to modern hospitals. A Kucong woman sighed that in the past, when they were sick, they could only pray to gods and ghosts, but now they can get better with an injection and two pills. Now, when you walk into the Kucong village , you will be shocked by the scene in front of you. The Kucong people who used to have no fixed place to live have lived in bright buildings. There are street lights on the mountain roads . 4G signals cover the entire village. Young people are skillfully watching short videos on their mobile phones. The elderly are drying the newly harvested walnuts and winter dates in their own yards. Tea and vegetables are planted in the fields. Cattle and sheep are leisurely grazing on the hillside. The most intuitive change is that the income of the Kucong people has increased from 340 yuan per person per year in the past to 10,346 yuan now, a full 30 times. Behind this number is a nation that has gone from poverty to prosperity. Leaping towards a prosperous history, happy smiles are on the faces of the Kucong people. This smile is more convincing than any data. However, when we cheer for the modernization achievements of the Kucong people, a more serious problem quietly emerges. There are only four spider web clothes left in the world, and no more than three elderly people can make them. Will these magical skills passed down for thousands of years disappear completely in the hands of our generation? In today’s rapid modernization, how to protect and inherit the traditional culture of the Kucong people has become a pressing issue. The production skills of spider web clothes, the processing technology of bark clothes, the sacrificial ceremony of the Shepa Festival and other precious cultural heritages are facing the risk of being lost. It is said that there are only four complete spider web clothes left in the entire Kucong area, and there are fewer and fewer elderly people who can make such clothes. Young Kucong people are actively looking for a balance between traditional culture and modern life . Some far-sighted Kucong people have opened private museums to collect and display traditional cultural relics and record the endangered lifestyle. Some villages have developed ethnic tourism to let the outside world understand the charm of Kucong culture and bring new economic income to the community. In traditional festivals such as the Shepa Festival, During the festival, young people began to learn how to make spider web clothes from the elderly. They said that as life got better , they should preserve the traditions in the village. This cultural awareness reflects the new generation of Kucong people ‘s cherishment of national traditions. The future development path of the Kucong people should find a better balance between modernization and traditional protection. By developing industries such as eco-tourism, characteristic handicrafts, and ethnic cultural displays , they can not only inherit traditional culture but also bring economic benefits. At the same time, they can strengthen the recording and protection of traditional skills and use modern technology to preserve these precious cultural heritages permanently. From primeval forests to modern villages, the cultural spirit of the Kucong people will continue to be passed on in new forms. As the silver-haired Kucong elder said, the mountains can be moved, but the hearts of the Kucong people will never change. As long as there are Kucong people, the Kucong way will exist . Do you want to go into the Kucong village in person and experience their unique culture? What do you think about the inheritance of traditional culture in the process of modernization ? Please share your thoughts in the comment area. It is not easy to make long videos. If you like this content , don’t forget to like, subscribe and forward it. See you next time

🌕🌕【本期简介】🌕🌕
你听说过“蛛网衣”吗？
这种能拖动飞机的神秘衣物，竟然是中国一个原始民族的生活必需品。